WILLEMSTAD – The Veiligheidsdienst Curaçao (VDC) has released its first-ever public annual report, providing a broad overview of key developments, focus areas, and risks affecting the island’s national security in 2024. With this step, the VDC aims to involve government and society more directly in the shared responsibility of safeguarding Curaçao’s security.
According to the report, Curaçao faces a growing range of challenges stemming from both local vulnerabilities and shifting global dynamics. The VDC notes that the island’s security environment can no longer be viewed as purely local, with international power struggles, organized crime, and geopolitical tensions directly impacting national stability.
Geopolitical concerns and Venezuela
The report places significant emphasis on Curaçao’s exposure to developments in neighboring Venezuela, especially in light of its 2024 presidential elections. The VDC warns of risks linked to politically exposed individuals potentially using Curaçao’s airspace and financial system to circumvent international sanctions. It also highlights the possible connections between Venezuelan actors and groups such as Hezbollah, stressing the importance of vigilance.
Shadow fleets and sanctions
Another major area of concern is the rise of so-called “shadow fleets” – vessels engaged in sanction evasion and illicit trade that falsely use the Curaçao flag. The VDC reported that by late 2024, twenty such vessels had been identified, placing Curaçao sixth on an international list of flagged cases. Some shipowners are believed to have ties to terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah and the Houthis, raising further alarm about potential misuse of Curaçao’s maritime sector.
Cybersecurity and critical infrastructur
The report also underlines the increasing threat of cyberattacks, particularly ransomware, which could disrupt vital processes such as the import and distribution of essential goods. Curaçao’s national cybersecurity framework, currently based on outdated 2018–2020 guidelines, is flagged as urgently needing revision. The VDC is working with government partners on a national cyber strategy to better protect critical infrastructure, including telecoms, energy, and the refinery.
Economic and environmental vulnerabilities
Curaçao’s heavy reliance on tourism and imports is identified as a structural weakness. International sanctions, global supply chain disruptions, or climate-related shocks could significantly undermine the island’s economic stability. Climate change itself is described as a long-term security risk, with potential impacts on food and energy security.
Strengthening governance and resilience
Domestically, the VDC stresses the need to improve financial oversight, revise the list of trusted government functions requiring security clearance, and expand safeguards into the private sector, particularly in industries vulnerable to corruption and cyber risks.
The publication of the public report marks a milestone for the VDC, which traditionally operates in secrecy. While operational details remain classified, the agency hopes this new level of transparency will enhance awareness and resilience across society.
