WILLEMSTAD — As the world marks International Recycling Day, Curaçao is reflecting on its environmental challenges, particularly the growing impact of plastic waste and untreated wastewater on its natural ecosystems. While the island's pristine landscapes and marine biodiversity attract thousands of tourists, increasing pollution threatens the delicate balance of its environment.
The Beauty of Curaçao at Risk
Curaçao is known for its stunning natural beauty, from the lush greenery visible atop Christoffelberg to the vibrant coral reefs teeming with marine life. Unique species like the Curaçao deer (Biná) call the island home, while visitors enjoy activities such as swimming with sea turtles, snorkeling, and diving among colorful fish. However, the island's environment is under increasing strain due to human activity and pollution.
Natural ecosystems constantly evolve through geological and biological processes, but the rapid pace of human-induced changes has made it difficult for nature to adapt. The consequences of this disruption are already visible, particularly in the form of plastic pollution and untreated wastewater contaminating Curaçao’s land and sea.
Plastic Waste: A Persistent Problem
One of the most pressing environmental issues on the island is plastic waste. Plastic's durability makes it both a benefit and a curse; while it is strong and long-lasting, it is also highly resistant to decomposition. Disposable plastic packaging, used briefly but made from nearly indestructible material, contributes significantly to littering.
A large portion of this plastic waste ends up in the ocean, where it gradually breaks down into microplastics due to UV radiation and saltwater exposure. Although these microscopic fragments seem to disappear, they persist in the environment, contaminating air, soil, food, and drinking water. Studies have even found microplastics in Antarctic ice and human brains, raising concerns about their potential health effects.
Local initiatives such as Clean Up Curaçao and environmental advocate Kunukuman have taken steps to address plastic pollution through regular clean-up events and awareness campaigns. International Recycling Day serves as a crucial reminder of the need for sustainable waste management and increased public participation in conservation efforts.
The Hidden Threat of Wastewater Pollution
While plastic pollution is a visible issue, wastewater pollution poses a more insidious threat, particularly to Curaçao's coral reefs. The island has three wastewater treatment plants located in Piscadera (Klein Hofje), Seru Lora, and near Tera Kòrá. However, their capacity is insufficient to handle the growing demand.
Most homes and businesses rely on septic tanks, where wastewater partially seeps into the ground and eventually reaches the ocean. Additionally, an estimated 300,000 liters of untreated sewage and other waste are dumped into the sea daily by trucks at the Shut area. Multiple pipelines also discharge wastewater directly into the ocean, impacting neighborhoods like Brievengat and Pietermaai.
Excess nutrients from untreated sewage fuel the growth of algae, which smother coral reefs and hinder their survival. Overfishing of herbivorous species like parrotfish (Gutu) and queen conch (Karkó), which naturally control algae growth, exacerbates the problem. Combined with other stressors such as rising sea temperatures, coastal development, erosion, and boat anchoring, the survival of Curaçao's coral reefs is increasingly uncertain.
The Call for Sustainable Recycling Practices
World Recycling Day is not just about addressing visible waste but also about tackling less obvious pollutants like wastewater. Properly functioning wastewater treatment plants could help purify sewage before it enters the ocean, allowing for a more sustainable cycle of waste management. Investing in recycling and waste treatment infrastructure is essential for protecting Curaçao’s environment and ensuring a cleaner, healthier future for its residents and visitors.
While efforts from local organizations and environmentalists are commendable, real change requires broader government action and public participation. By embracing sustainable practices, Curaçao can preserve its natural beauty and biodiversity for generations to come.